2008/11/01

漫谈敬礼诸圣的神学

今天的诵读对今日所纪念圣人的意义表达得淋漓尽致,可谓入木三分。
首先,它指出我们今日所庆祝的对于已在光荣之中的他们毫无用途,反而对我们——尚在旅途中的人们,大有裨益!他们不需要我们对他们的敬礼,我们对他们的敬礼,也不会给他们增加什么,却激励我们迈向成全。
“Why should our praise and glorification, or even the celebration of this feast day mean anything to the saints? What do they care about earthly honours when their heavenly Father honours them by fulfilling the faithful promise of the Son? What does our commendation mean to them? The saints have no need of honour from us; neither does our devotion add the slightest thing to what is theirs. Clearly, if we venerate their memory, it serves us, not them. But I tell you, when I think of them, I feel myself inflamed by a tremendous yearning.”
我们为什么要赞颂诸圣?我们为什么讴歌他们的光荣?甚至我们为什么庆祝今天的节日?天父实践祂圣子的许诺,而亲自光荣他们的时侯,尘世的光荣能为他们有什么用呢?圣人们不需要我们的尊敬,我们的敬礼为他们也毫无用途。事实上,我们尊敬他们,这为我们是有益的,为他们却无关紧要。对我个人来说,我承认,纪念诸圣在我心中点燃了与他们相聚的强烈愿望。注:英、中有些出入,请不要见怪。当我诵读中文,我也不是非常懂中文的翻译,对照了之后,才明白。
其次,指出了敬礼圣人对我们的益处:
1. 渴望加入他们的行列,与他们为友,向往天乡。
“Calling the saints to mind inspires, or rather arouses in us, above all else, a longing to enjoy their company, so desirable in itself. We long to share in the citizenship of heaven, to dwell with the spirits of the blessed, to join the assembly of patriarchs, the ranks of the prophets, the council of apostles, the great host of martyrs, the noble company of confessors and the choir of virgins. In short, we long to be united in happiness with all the saints. But our dispositions change. The Church of all the first followers of Christ awaits us, but we do nothing about it. The saints want us to be with them, and we are indifferent. The souls of the just await us, and we ignore them.”
“Come, brothers, let us at length spur ourselves on. We must rise again with Christ, we must seek the world which is above and set our mind on the things of heaven. Let us long for those who are longing for us, hasten to those who are waiting for us, and ask those who look for our coming to intercede for us. We should not only want to be with the saints, we should also hope to possess their happiness. While we desire to be in their company, we must also earnestly seek to share in their glory. Do not imagine that there is anything harmful in such an ambition as this; there is no danger in setting our hearts on such glory.”
首先,因纪念诸圣在我们内心唤醒或更好说激起的第一个愿望是:与他们共享那如此令人盼望的共融之乐,并获准成为真福天使的同乡与同伴,与诸位圣祖和先知为伍,和使徒的团体及无数的殉道烈士、精修圣者、贞女们团聚在一起,简言之,参加诸圣喜乐和共融的大团体。这个首批教友的团体在等待我们,我们却漠不关心!圣人们企望看到我们,而我们却加以藐视!义人们盼望着我们,而我们却加以逃避。
弟兄们,让我们醒来吧!让我们和基督一同复活起来!让我们寻求天上的事物,我们要品尝这些事物。我们要企望那些企望我们的人,奔向那些等候我们的人,要常以祈祷趋赴那期待我们的人面前。我们不但要期望与诸圣为伍,而且要期望分享他们的幸福。这样我们期望着和他们在一起,便会以全副热心和一切努力,去追求分享他们的光荣。因为这种贪求毫无不善:贪恋这样的光荣毫无危险。
2. 接近基督
“When we commemorate the saints we are inflamed with another yearning: that Christ our life may also appear to us as he appeared to them and that we may one day share in his glory. Until then we see him, not as he is, but as he became for our sake. He is our head, crowned, not with glory, but with the thorns of our sins. As members of that head, crowned with thorns, we should be ashamed to live in luxury; his purple robes are a mockery rather than an honour. When Christ comes again, his death shall no longer be proclaimed, and we shall know that we also have died, and that our life is hidden with him. The glorious head of the Church will appear and his glorified members will shine in splendour with him, when he forms this lowly body anew into such glory as belongs to himself, its head. Therefore, we should aim at attaining this glory with a wholehearted and prudent desire. That we may rightly hope and strive for such blessedness, we must above all seek the prayers of the saints. Thus, what is beyond our own powers to obtain will be granted through their intercession.”
纪念诸圣时,所点燃的第二个愿望是:好像他们一样,得见基督、我们的生命显现给我们,并使我们也偕同祂显现在光荣中。但是,目前基督、我们的头并未以祂本来的面目显示,而是以祂为我们受苦时的模样:不是戴着荣耀的冠冕,而是戴着我们的罪的茨冠。一个肢体,在这戴着茨冠的头之下,竟选择一个安逸的生活,应该感到羞愧,因为祂身穿紫红袍,不是为受尊敬,而是为受凌辱。 基督重临的日子将要来到:那时不再宣告祂的死亡,我们也将知道,我们也死了,我们的生命在祂内隐藏了。我们的「头」将在光荣中显现,众肢体和头将一同大放光明,这时基督将革新我们卑贱的身体,使它相似头的光荣──因为祂是头。 我们该以绝对的、坚强的奢望渴慕这种光荣。诚然,为使我们合理地盼望这样的光荣,并企盼如此的幸福,我们也该以最大的雄心,寻求诸圣的助佑和祈祷;这样,他们的转祷可为我们求得、那超乎我们个人能力所要求的恩惠。
最后,教会从来没有忘记基督是天人间唯一的中保(弟前2:5),但借着对诸圣的敬礼,我们歌颂、赞美天主在他们“身上行了大事”(路1:49)。他们是我们的榜样与楷模。教会与礼仪宪章为我们提供了敬礼诸圣的真正神学理由与基础:“圣人们的庆节,实乃宣扬基督在某忠仆身上所行的奇功,并为信友提供应仿效的适当模范。”“在圣人们的永生之日,教会在这些与基督同受苦难、同受光荣的人身上,宣扬逾越奥迹;教会向信友提供他们的模范,吸引大家,通过基督,归向天父,并藉他们的功绩,邀得天主的恩惠。”(SC111,104 参阅教会宪章50#).这也表达了诸圣的相通:the communion of the saints的意义。

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